The early settlers were mostly of English stock. The liberal charter granted (1663) by Charles II of England ensured the colony's survival, although boundary difficulties with Massachusetts and Connecticut continued well into the 18th cent.
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In order to thwart claims made to the area by the Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies, Williams, through influential friends, secured (1644) a parliamentary patent under which the four towns drew up a code of civil law and organized (1647) a government. Another settlement, Warwick, was made on the western shore of Narragansett Bay in 1642.
Because of factional differences, Newport was founded (1639) on the southwest side of the island, but the two towns later combined governments (1640–47).
There they established the settlement of Portsmouth (1638). In 1638, Puritan exiles bought the island of Aquidneck (now Rhode Island) from the Narragansetts. Roger Williams, banished (1635) from the Massachusetts Bay colony, established in 1636 the first settlement in the area at Providence on land purchased from Native Americans of the Narragansett tribe. The region of Rhode Island was probably visited (1524) by Verrazzano, and in 1614 the area was explored by the Dutchman Adriaen Block. History Early Exploration and Colonization and the Rhode Island School of Design, at Providence, and the Univ. The state's leading educational institutions are Brown Univ. The state sends two senators and two representatives to the U.S. Local government is carried out on the city level Rhode Island's counties have no political functions. The bicameral legislature has a senate with 50 members and a house with 75, all elected for two-year terms. The state's executive branch is headed by a governor elected for a four-year term and eligible for reelection. Rhode Island's present constitution was adopted in 1842 and has been often amended. Government, Politics, and Higher Education Naval facilities at Newport contribute to the state's income. Narragansett Bay abounds in shellfish flounder and porgy are also caught. Commercial fishing is an important but declining industry. Principal crops are nursery and greenhouse items. Most of the farmland is used for dairying and poultry raising, and the state is known for its Rhode Island Red chickens. Agriculture is relatively unimportant to the economy. These include jewelry, silverware, textiles, primary and fabricated metals, machinery, electrical equipment, and rubber and plastic items. In spite of this, many of the products for which Rhode Island is famous are still being manufactured. Rhode Island's traditional manufacturing economy has diversified and is now also based on services, trade (retail and wholesale), and finance. The state also has many historic attractions. The America's Cup yacht race has been held in Newport several times, beginning in 1930 and most recently in 1983. Narragansett Bay is famous for its sailboats and yachts. Rhode Island's coast is lined with resorts noted for their swimming and boating facilities, and windswept Block Island is a favorite vacation spot. Providence is the capital and the largest city other important cities are Warwick, Cranston, Pawtucket, and Newport. Although more than half of Rhode Island is covered with forests, it is highly urbanized. Glaciation left many small lakes, and the rolling hilly surface of the state is cut by short, swift streams with numerous falls. The coastline between Point Judith and Watch Hill is marked by sand spits and barrier beaches, sheltering lagoons and salt marshes.
The bay cuts inland c.30 mi (50 km) to Providence, where it receives the Blackstone River it contains several islands, including Rhode Island (or Aquidneck), the largest (and the site of historic Newport) Conanicut Island, with the resort of Jamestown and Prudence Island. The dominant physiographic feature of the state is the Narragansett basin, a shallow lowland area of Carboniferous sediments, extending into SE Massachusetts and, in Rhode Island, partly submerged as Narragansett Bay. Rhode Island is the smallest of the 50 states and except for New Jersey the most densely populated. Highest pt., Jerimoth Hill, 812 ft (248 m) lowest pt., sea level. Statehood, (13th of the original 13 states to ratify the Constitution). As of the 2020 census, the state's population was: White alone, 86.3% Black alone, 8.5% Hispanic or Latino, 16.3% American Indian and Alaska native alone, 1.1% Asian alone, 3.7% Two or More Races, 2.9%.
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